Effect size calculations for the clinician: methods and comparability.

OBJECTIVE The measurement of clinical change via single-group pre-post effect size has become increasingly common in psychotherapy settings that collect practice-based evidence and engage in feedback-informed treatment. Different methods of calculating effect size for the same sample of clients and the same measure can lead to wide-ranging results, reducing interpretability. METHOD Effect sizes from therapists-including those drawn from a large web-based database of practicing clinicians-were calculated using nine different methods. RESULTS The resulting effect sizes varied significantly depending on the method employed. Differences between measurement methods routinely exceeded 0.40 for individual therapists. CONCLUSIONS Three methods for calculating effect sizes are recommended for moderating these differences, including two equations that show promise as valid and practical methods for use by clinicians in professional practice.